Reward Deficiency Syndrome

Understanding the genetic source of RDS can help us find ways to manage it, and have compassion for the people who experience it.

Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS) is a term used to describe a theoretical concept in which individuals possess genetic variations that make them more susceptible to addictive behaviors and seeking out rewards. One such genetic variation involves a mutation of the A1 allele of the D2 dopamine receptor. To understand how this mutation contributes to RDS, let’s delve into the details.

The D2 dopamine receptor is a protein found in the brain that plays a crucial role in the regulation of dopamine, a neurotransmitter associated with pleasure and reward. The A1 allele refers to a specific genetic variant of the D2 dopamine receptor gene, known as DRD2.

The mutation of the A1 allele of the D2 dopamine receptor involves a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) that leads to a change in the structure or function of the receptor protein. This alteration affects the binding capacity and signaling of dopamine molecules.

Normally, when dopamine is released in response to rewarding stimuli, it binds to the D2 dopamine receptors, triggering a cascade of intracellular events that regulate the transmission of signals within the brain’s reward circuitry. This process is essential for experiencing pleasure and reinforcement from various activities.

However, the mutation in the A1 allele alters the D2 dopamine receptor’s structure, resulting in reduced receptor density and impaired signaling. As a consequence, individuals with this mutation tend to have fewer available D2 receptors and diminished dopamine signaling in the brain.

The reduced availability of functional D2 receptors can lead to several consequences associated with Reward Deficiency Syndrome:

1. Decreased Reward Response: With fewer functional D2 receptors, the brain’s reward circuitry may be less responsive to dopamine. This diminished reward response can lead individuals to seek out more intense or frequent stimuli to compensate for the reduced pleasure they experience from ordinary rewards. This behavior may increase the risk of addictive tendencies.
2. Impaired Impulse Control: Dopamine, in conjunction with other neurotransmitters, helps regulate impulse control and decision-making processes. When the D2 receptor function is compromised, it can disrupt these regulatory mechanisms, making individuals more impulsive and less capable of inhibiting behaviors associated with reward-seeking.
3. Increased Cravings: The reduced availability of functional D2 receptors can lead to an imbalance in the brain’s reward circuitry, resulting in increased cravings for rewarding substances or behaviors. This heightened craving for rewards can contribute to the development of addictive behaviors.

It’s important to note that Reward Deficiency Syndrome and the impact of the A1 allele mutation are still areas of ongoing research. While there is evidence linking certain genetic variations, including the A1 allele mutation, to increased susceptibility to addictive behaviors, the relationship is complex and influenced by various environmental and individual factors.

My experience with RDS began in childhood, and I was able to relieve the compulsions I felt by following a diet free of sugar, grains, and processed plant oils. By making sure that I keep activities I love like dancing, singing, and caring for animals in my daily routine, I prevent the boredom and frustration that are the gateways to overeating in my experience.

Maintaining insulin sensitivity allows me to “hear” and respond to the dopamine that is present in my system. I am oddly grateful to RDS, as it makes doing what I love the only option for staying healthy and happy.

If you struggle with compulsions, procrastination, and the inability to focus on tasks that you find dull, understanding RDS and maintaining insulin sensitivity may help you find paths to fulfillment.